Estou contigo em Rockland
onde nós abraçamos e beijamos os Estados Unidos debaixo dos nossos lençóis os Estados Unidos que tossem toda a noite e não nos deixam dormir
A Quinta da Serra é um bairro de barracas no Prior Velho na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa. O que estamos a fazer é uma narrativa fragmentária da acção dentro e fora do bairro vista à luz da filosofia política de Hannah Arendt



I cannot afford to be pessimistic.
My dream is Peace and Tolerance and I hope that those who have similar dreams will wake when a new dawn will rise and our dream will become reality. I know it will not come by itself. I know that we will have to fight for it.
Dani Karavan
L'Artiste et la Société Congrés mondial sur la condition de l'artiste
16 Juin 1997
Dani Karavan é o autor de Passatges o monumento dedicado a Walter Benjamin em Port-Bou. Passagens é também o nome da magnum opus de Benjamin: Paris Capitale du XIXe Siécle - Le Livre des Passages. Uma obra inacabada.
Henri LefebvreThe (social) production of space
Lefebvre has dedicated a great deal of his philosophical writings to understanding the importance of (the production of) space in what he called the reproduction of social relations of production. This idea is the central argument in the book The Survival of Capitalism, written as a sort of prelude to La production de l’espace (1974) (The Production of Space). These works have deeply influenced current urban theory, mainly within human geography, as seen in the current work of authors such as David Harvey and Edward Soja. Lefebvre is widely recognized as a Marxist thinker who was responsible for widening considerably the scope of Marxist theory, embracing everyday life and the contemporary meanings and implications of the ever expanding reach of the urban in the western world throughout the 20th century. The generalization of industry, and its relation to cities (which is treated in La pensée marxiste et la ville), The Right to the City and The Urban Revolution were all themes of Lefebvre's writings in the late 1960s, which was concerned, amongst other aspects, with the deep transformation of "the city" into "the urban" which culminated in its omni-presence (the "complete urbanization of society").
In his book The Urban Question (translated into English very early, in contrast with Lefebvre's works), Manuel Castells heavily criticizes Lefebvre's theoretical arguments contained in the books published in the 1960s about the contemporary city from a Marxist standpoint. Castells' criticisms of Lefebvre's subjective approach to Marxism echoed the Structuralist school of Louis Althusser, of which Lefebvre was an early critic. Many responses to Castells are provided in The Survival of Capitalism, and some may argue that the acceptance of those critiques in the academic world would be a motive for Lefebvre's effort in writing the long and theoretically dense The Production of Space.
In The Production of Space, Lefebvre contends that there are different levels of space, from very crude, natural space ('absolute space') to more complex spatialities whose significance is socially produced ('social space').[9]
Lefebvre's argument in The Production of Space is that space is a social product, or a complex social construction (based on values, and the social production of meanings) which affects spatial practices and perceptions. As a Marxist philosopher (but highly critical of the economicist structuralism that dominated the academic discourse in his period), Lefebvre argues that this social production of urban space is fundamental to the reproduction of society, hence of capitalism itself. Therefore, the notion of hegemony as proposed by Antonio Gramsci is used as a reference to show how the social production of space is commanded by a hegemonic class as a tool to reproduce its dominance.
"Social space is a social product - the space produced in a certain manner serves as a tool of thought and action. It is not only a means of production but also a means of control, and hence of domination/power."
Lefebvre argued that every society - and therefore every mode of production - produces a certain space, its own space. The city of the ancient world cannot be understood as a simple agglomeration of people and things in space - it had its own spatial practice, making its own space (which was suitable for itself - Lefebvre argues that the intellectual climate of the city in the ancient world was very much related to the social production of its spatiality). Then if every society produces its own space, any "social existence" aspiring to be or declaring itself to be real, but not producing its own space, would be a strange entity, a very peculiar abstraction incapable of escaping the ideological or even cultural spheres. Based on this argument, Lefebvre criticized Soviet urban planners, on the basis that they failed to produce a socialist space, having just reproduced the modernist model of urban design (interventions on physical space, which were insufficient to grasp social space) and applied it onto that context:
"Change life! Change Society! These ideas lose completely their meaning without producing an appropriate space. A lesson to be learned from soviet constructivists from the 1920s and 30s, and of their failure, is that new social relations demand a new space, and vice-versa."
WIKIPEDIA
“Assim como na Cítara, nas flautas, no canto e nas próprias vozes se deve guardar certa consonância de sons diferentes, sob pena de a mudança ou a discordância ferirem ouvidos educados, e tal consonância graças a combinação dos mais dessemelhantes sons, se torna concorde e congruente, assim também igual tonalidade na ordem política admitida entre as Classes alta, média e baixa suscitava o congraçamento dos cidadãos. E aquilo que no canto os músicos chamam harmonia era na cidade a concórdia, o mais suave e estreito vínculo de coexistência em toda a república, que sem justiça, não pode em absoluto subsistir.”
Santo Agostinho, A cidade de Deus

--from Walter Benjamin 1940 work, "On the Concept of History," Gesammelte Schriften I, 691-704. SuhrkampVerlag. Frankfurt am Main, 1974. Translation: Harry Zohn, from Walter Benjamin, Selected Writings, Vol. 4: 1938-1940 (Cambridge: Harvard University Pres, 2003)
Benjamin descreve o Angelus Novus de Klee. Só quem lembra, pode olhar o futuro na cara; só quem olha o futuro pode, verdadeiramente, lembrar. O que impedirá que as lembranças se transformem em nostalgias e esquecimento? A Esperança é talvez o vento que sopra do Paraíso? Não será o "progresso" em Benjamin uma forma de Esperança?
